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Pumps

Pumps

Gear, centrifugal, diaphragm, vacuum and metering pumps.

Also searched as: gear pumpcentrifugal pumpdiaphragm pumpvacuum pumpwater pump

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About pumps

Pumps are mechanical devices designed to move fluids, whether liquids, gases, or slurries, by converting mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. They are broadly categorized by their operational principle into positive displacement and kinetic (dynamic) types. Positive displacement pumps, such as gear, diaphragm, and peristaltic pumps, trap a fixed volume of fluid and force it into the discharge pipe. Kinetic pumps, including centrifugal and axial-flow pumps, impart velocity to the fluid through an impeller, then convert that velocity into pressure. Key selection parameters include flow rate (typically in GPM or m³/hr), discharge pressure (PSI or bar), NPSH requirements, and fluid viscosity. Material compatibility is critical, with common construction materials including cast iron, stainless steel (304, 316L), bronze, and various polymers like PTFE or PVDF, chosen based on fluid corrosivity, temperature, and abrasiveness. Seal types, such as mechanical seals, packing, or sealless magnetic drive designs, are specified according to leakage tolerance and fluid characteristics. Drive mechanisms range from electric motors (AC/DC, single/three-phase) to pneumatic or hydraulic power sources, with considerations for RPM and power consumption (HP or kW). Connection types often conform to NPT, BSPT, or flange standards like ANSI B16.5.

How to choose

title: How to Choose a Pump

steps: What fluid is being pumped? Identify its viscosity, temperature, chemical compatibility, and presence of solids. This dictates material selection and pump type.

What flow rate (GPM/m³/hr) and discharge pressure (PSI/bar) are required? This defines the pump's hydraulic performance curve and motor sizing. Consider system head losses.

What is the available Net Positive Suction Head (NPSHa)? Compare this to the pump's NPSH required (NPSHr) to prevent cavitation. Evaluate suction lift or flooded suction conditions.

What power source is available (electric, pneumatic, hydraulic)? Specify voltage, phase, and frequency for electric motors, or air/fluid pressure for others. Consider hazardous area classifications (e.g., ATEX, NEMA).

What level of leakage is acceptable? Select between sealed (mechanical seals, packing) or sealless (magnetic drive, canned motor) designs based on fluid toxicity or value, and maintenance requirements.